Thyroid Disorders – Types, Symptoms and Treatment

The thyroid is an endocrine gland located below the Adam’s apple, in front of the windpipe. It releases hormones that regulate the body's metabolism. Abnormal levels of thyroid hormones can result in disorders like:

• Hypothyroidism: Low hormone production
• Hyperthyroidism: Excess hormone production

Early Warning Signs of Thyroid Problems

Symptoms depend on whether hormone levels are high or low. Women are especially prone, with 1 in 8 developing thyroid issues in their lifetime. Watch for:

• Fatigue: Exhaustion (hypothyroid) or jitteriness (hyperthyroid)
• Weight Gain/Loss: Weight gain with low hormones; weight loss with excess hormones
• Hair Loss: Thinning or bald patches
• Dry or Oily Skin: Dryness (hypo) or oiliness (hyper)
• Neck Swelling: Goitre or thyroid nodules
• Heart Issues: Slow heart rate (hypo), fast/irregular beat (hyper)
• Mood Changes: Depression, irritability, anxiety
• Irregular Periods: Heavy (hypo) or light/absent (hyper)

Although not every symptom means thyroid disorder, if you experience any of these consistently, it’s important to consult a doctor early.

FAQs About Thyroid

What does the thyroid affect?

The thyroid affects metabolism, brain development, heart, bone, and muscle health. It releases two hormones: T4 (Thyroxine) and T3 (Triiodothyronine).

What causes hypothyroidism?

The most common cause is Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis — an autoimmune disease where the body attacks the thyroid gland.

What foods help in hypothyroidism?

While food alone doesn’t cure it, some goitrogenic foods may help:

• Soya foods (tofu, soy milk)
• Vegetables (kale, broccoli, cabbage)
• Fruits (strawberries, peaches)
• Starchy foods (sweet potatoes, cassava)
• Nuts & seeds (peanuts, pine nuts, millet)